This is a qualitative study. Because of the small number of able with the use of the chosen instruments. The exclusion crite- participants the results will not be used statistically. Only pre- ria were: deteriorating cognitive conditions, diagnosed epilepsy post measures are compared for each individual respectively. or other seizure disorders, psychiatric conditions, substance abuse (drugs and alcohol), or lack of the ability to speak. Instruments The following instruments were used: Design Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) The study used a within-subjects, repeated-measures design This is a performance evaluation of functioning in activities to assess the effects of binaural beats during the test period. of daily living (ADL). AMPS9 is used to determine how the Assessments were carried out before and after listening to Hemi- client’s ADL motor and ADL process (organizational/adaptive) Sync products for a minimum of five times a week over a period capabilities affect the ability to perform functional daily living of three months. The assessments were administered in the par- tasks safely, efficiently, and independently. The AMPS Graphic ticipants’ homes. Participants were given five CDs each, four for Report provides an ADL motor and ADL process ability mea- improved attention and concentration (METAMUSIC sure, which monitors ability changes in the client. The cutoff Remembrance, Einstein’s Dream, Baroque Garden, and also
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value equals the function of a normal, self-sufficient adult. Values Concentration) and one for relaxation/falling asleep (METAMU- under cutoff on motor skills mean increased effort. Values under SIC Sleeping through the Rain). They were free to choose any of ii Summer/Fall 2005 the five selections they were given, and they listened through measures on the SF-36. Also AMPS motor skills were slightly stereo headphones. They all wrote a daily “listening log” with reduced and NA went up slightly. Four measures on the SF-36 information about what CDs they listened to, what time of the remained unchanged. day they listened, activity during listening, and any other com- Case 3: A woman, age forty-five with a husband and three ments. children, was in a car accident eight years ago. It was several years before she was diagnosed with TBI. She had no particular lis- Ethics tening pattern. This project was approved by the Regional Office for Ethical Findings: The AMPS did not show any changes. She scored Advice, Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics, well over cutoff on both tests. Health Region South. The PANAS scale showed an increase on PA of +7, indicat- ing improved social life and an increase in frequency of pleasant Results events. NA was reduced with -7 points, indicating less self- Of the six participants, two showed few or no changes on reported stress and a decrease of unpleasant events. The SF-36
any of the measures. Also, they had no comments on the experi- showed an increase in six of nine areas: Mental Health (+1), ence that indicated noticeable changes in their lives. They are Vitality (+10), Pain (+2.1), Physical Functioning (+3), Role therefore omitted from the case descriptions. They were the two Physical (+2), and Health Transition (+39). The other functions, oldest male participants, ages fifty-two and seventy-five. They General Health, Social Functioning, and Role Emotional, did listen to their CDs the agreed-on number of times. remained unchanged. The four participants whose cases are described below all lis- In summary of the findings, we see a positive increase on tened to their CDs more than the agreed-on times during the both measures on PANAS and an increase on six of the SF-36 study. measures. The AMPS and three of the measures on the SF-36 Case 1: A young man, age twenty-five, was injured as a child remained unchanged. in a traffic accident. He used the CDs mainly to rest/sleep. Case 4: A woman, age forty, lived with her husband and Findings: The AMPS showed an increase of 0.2 logits on daughter. Seven years ago her heart stopped and she suffered a motor skills from just under cutoff to just above cutoff. The TBI as a result. She had no particular listening pattern. process skills had an increase of 1.3 logits from 0.2 under cutoff Findings: The AMPS showed an increase of 0.6 logits on